Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Essay Topic Ideas For Your Barn Burning Essay

Essay Topic Ideas For Your Barn Burning EssayBarn burning essay topics for college writers can be any topic about the horror of an individual choosing to do such a thing as burning their house down. It can be a house fire, a tornado, or even a flood. Whatever your topic may be, you will need to be able to describe in detail the horror of the experience and the feeling that they are in.The first consideration is the style essay topic. Most of these are grammatically correct but if you do not use proper grammar, you will have to include a copy of your thesis or assignment with the paper. Unless your university offers thesis editing services, which it should, you will want to consult with an editor before you begin the paper.Since barn burning essay topics can be lengthy, the next consideration is how to structure the essay. A common form is the beginning section, which are an introduction to the topic, and the conclusion. The introduction and conclusion both should contain basic inform ation on the topic, including things like who has participated in the story, why it is important, and how it relates to your thesis. This will help make the content easier to understand.Keep in mind that you may also need to make a summary of the topic in a table of contents or an index. Some barn burning essay topics will also require you to discuss the recent history and the reason why this happened.When completing the paper, there are many areas to consider. For example, the writing can be free flowing or grammatically correct. You will also need to know when to include facts and when to allow your emotions to show through.The ending section of the paper should also be brief. It should also not be long. This is the end of the story, and you need to make sure it ends on a good note, without adding unnecessary facts.One thing to remember when using barn burning essay topics is that you can add a lot of information about how the story changed your life. However, you will want to avo id the boring facts or the fact that it actually made you change your opinion. Instead, focus on the stories behind your decisions.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Jessica Heinemann. Professor Hall. Enc1102. 15 April 2017.

Jessica Heinemann Professor Hall ENC1102 15 April 2017 Final Assignment The gender marker debate: is gender needed on government-issued ID? Should Non-binary join male and female options for state IDs? As of 2017 the Gender Recognition Act would add â€Å"non-binary† to male and female gender boxes on official state documents making it easier for transgender people to change the gender in which they identify with. As of now, the federal government does not offer a third gender option for official documents such as passports. The issue drew national attention when a federal judge asked the U.S. State Department to reconsider its decision to deny a passport to a Colorado resident who does not identify as male or female. â€Å"The erosion of these†¦show more content†¦Not all intersex people will choose to identify legally as inter sex and not all parents will choose to have their intersex child identified as inter sex on birth documents. But for those who do, the option should exist for those who want to be identified. A handful of individuals are apparently permitted to opt out of the options altogether by declaring themselves ‘agender’, saying that they feel neither female nor male, and don’t have any internal experience of gender. There is no known explanation as to why some people are able to refuse to define their personality in gendered terms while others are not, but one thing that is clear about the self-designation as ‘agender’: we cannot all do it, for the same reasons we cannot all call ourselves non-binary. The United States has never offered these options outside of male and female, until last December when Sara Kelly Keenan received the first ever U.S. birth certificate that read intersex. In other countries, the third option is available as an option on all government documents ranging from birth certificates to passports. If a few people are able to get birth certificates and other government issued documents thatShow MoreRelatedThe Gender Marker Debate : Is Gender Needed On Government Issued Id?1029 Words   |  5 PagesJessica Heinemann Professor Hall ENC1102 April 12,2017 Final Assignment The gender marker debate: is gender needed on government-issued ID? Should Non-binary join male and female options for state IDs? As of 2017 the Gender Recognition Act would add â€Å"non-binary† to male and female gender boxes on official state documents making it easier for transgender people to change the gender in which they identify with. As of now, the federal government does not offer a third gender option for official documents

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Analysis Of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie s Ted Talk, The...

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s inspiring TED talk, The Danger of a Single Story, proves how stories influence the way we perceive the world. She describes the single story as a narrative that surrounds only one perspective. The objective of her speech is to inform her audience that assuming something is true based on a single piece of information gives us incomplete and incorrect perceptions. Society is an accumulation of social stories, it is never just one thing. There are multiple, contingent and overlapping ways to experience and articulate cultural identity (Delgado, 2009). When we view a person or place from only one perspective, we assume one aspect of a story as the entire truth. â€Å"Show a people as one thing, as only one thing, over†¦show more content†¦Context is neither static nor objective, and it can be multilayered (115). There are many examples presented in Adichie’s speech on how the social, political, and historical structures of context affe cted her intercultural interactions. Every cultures reputation relies on history. The view of Africa is shaped by historic Western narratives and by the important people who have told these stories. For instance, she mentions how Jon Lok’s old writings embody the start of Africa’s negative reputation in the West. In Lok’s writings, he describes black Africans as beasts who have no houses {†¦} people without heads, having their mouth and eyes in their breasts. (07:04). The historical context shaped the way Adichie’s interactions with her American roommate and professor occurred. Due to historic stories such as these, her roommate believed African’s could not be like her in any way and assumed there was no possible connection as human equals (4:49). Similarly, she once had a professor tell her that her novel was not authentically African because her characters were â€Å"too much like him, an educated and middle-class man.† Her characters drove cars and they were not starving . Therefore, â€Å"they were not authentically African† (7:32). We must also consider the political context. The political context in which communication occurs includes those forces that attempt to change or retain existing social structures and relations (116). For example, toShow MoreRelatedCultural Practices between Men and Women in Nigeria1858 Words   |  8 Pagesis revealed and documented. This project is a collection of fictional short stories, it is titled Cold Heart and Other Stories. The theme of these stories will revolve around emotional and domestic abuse on women, the stories are a reflection of the everyday lives of young Nigerian females as they, in the words of Nadaswaran(2012), â€Å"mature into their understanding of personhood as ‘woman’†. As a collection of short stories written from the point of view of a Nigerian female, this research portfolioRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Esperanza Rising 1776 Words   |  8 PagesEsperanza tells her mother not to worry. She s in charge now. Los Esparragos (Asparagus) spring harvest is the cycle where new life emerges, it is a season of hope and anticipation and fresh starts. The asparagus season would be a long season, one in which Esperanza’s mettle is tested. While packing asparagus, Esperanza listens to the chants and threats of the strikers. The workers have to cross picket lines to get to the sheds to store the asparagus. Danger encroaches the migrant work camp like the

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Oedipus Complex Essay - 1115 Words

Ever heard of the Oedipus Complex? Thank Greek playwright Sophocles and Sigmund Freud. In short, the Oedipus Complex, is when a male is born, a â€Å"fondness† or â€Å"lust† is created for his mother and a hatred for his father. In due time, the idea became prevalent after the works of Sophocles and was adapted for psychology. Nevertheless, Oedipus Rex was written around the 5th century B.C.E. Later, to continue the story Sophocles wrote Antigone. Oedipus Rex follows the character of Oedipus, the King of Thebes, and his journey to end the plague that inhabits the city. Following most Greek myths, Oedipus Rex has a Roman equivalent. Written by Seneca in the 1st century C.E, follows what seems to be the same character. To preserve Sophocles Oedipus,†¦show more content†¦As opposed to Seneca’s version, Oedipus is a very proud King. He is convinced that the plague infects the land for some other notion rather than his own sins. He sends his Jocasta’ s brother, Creon, to Delphi to speak with the Oracle. He is told that the only way the plague will stop is if, â€Å"The god bids us to expiate the king’s murder with exile—to avenge the killing of Laius.† (Seneca 35). Later finding out from the prophet, Tiresias, that he himself is the murderer of his father. Creon is then accused by the proud Oedipus, of treason and orders he be executed. Senecas’ version has Creon imprisoned. This shows how he refuses to hear the truth and rather have another killed, than accept that the plague is there by his doing. Secondly, Senecas version has a violent and gory tone. Many scenes that are detailed with intense gore. There is a sacrifice held for the summoning of the previous King Laius. The blinding scene in both depicts the writing style of both writers. In Seneca’s version, Oedipus blinds himself by gouging out his own eyes as punishment for his sins. When describing the act, â€Å"Let them be dug out stra ightway, these eyes of a married man!† (Seneca 103). Seneca goes into detail describing his emotions his emotions, his overall physical appearance as such, â€Å"With hooked hands he greedily probed his eyes, and from their base, from their very roots he wrenched the eyeballs and let them roll out together. His hands stayed embedded in the cavities, theirShow MoreRelated My Oedipus Complex Essay1066 Words   |  5 Pages The story â€Å"My Oedipus Complex† by Frank O’Connor deals exclusively with a little boy named Larry and his feelings towards his father. When his father returns home from World War II, Larry is resentful and jealous of losing his mother’s undivided attention, and finds himself in a constant struggle to win back her affections. I really enjoyed â€Å"My Oedipus Complex,† because it reminded me a great deal of my elementary school days. My brother Brian was born when I was five, and from that day on thereRead MoreEssay on Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex1319 Words   |  6 Pages When examining Hamlet through the lens of the Oedipus complex, it is critical to first define and thoroughly explain the Oedipus complex, then to apply it to Hamlets relationships, before a final conclusion is reached. The Complexities of the Complex Before one can understand the Oedipus complex, one must understand Sigmund Freuds theory on infantile sexuality. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy points out that the roots of Freuds theory can be foundRead More Hamlets Oedipus Complex Essays1190 Words   |  5 PagesVarious works of literature contain characters who embody the elements of the classic Oedipus Complex, that of a son with an undue and unhealthy attachment to his mother. D.H Lawrenceamp;#8217;s Sons and Lovers, along with other early modernist works, shows how a sonamp;#8217;s bond to his mother can lead to that characteramp;#8217;s major downfall. Even earlier than works of the late 19th Century does the Oedipus Complex appear, in this case, William Shakespeareamp;#8217;s Hamlet. Shakespeareamp;#8217;sRead More The Oedipus Complex in Literature Essays3480 Words   |  14 Pages According to Merriam-Webster online dictionary, the Oedipus Complex is a child’s positive libidinal feelings toward the parent of the opposite sex and hostile or jealous feelings toward the parent of the same sex that develop usually between the ages of three and six and that may be a source of adult personality disorde r when unresolved (Merriam-Webster). In Sons and Lovers, Paul Morel demonstrates the classic symptoms of the Oedipus complex. Paul and his father’s relationship is destroyed earlyRead More Sigmund Freuds Oedipus Complex Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus Complex It is the fate of all of us, perhaps, to direct our first sexual impulse towards our mother and our first hatred and our first murderous wish against our father. - Sigmund Freud(Clark, 122) The Oedipus conflict or complex is a concept developed by Sigmund Freud to explain the origin of certain psychological disorders in childhood. It is defined as a childs unconscious desire for the exclusive love of the parent of the opposite sex. This desire includes jealousy toward the parentRead MoreOedipus Complex Essay793 Words   |  4 Pagesheavily involved in researching psychology, which lead him to construct many theories such as the Unconscious Mind, the Psyche, and Oedipus Complex. Although the Oedipus Complex was created from the play, Oedipus the King by Sophocles, the Oedipus Complex does not apply to the tragedy of Oedipus because he did not know who his true parents were. The Oedipus Complex is a theory in which children develop sexual feelings for the parent of the opposite sex of them, and a sense of competition towardsRead More The Oedipus Complex in Oedipus Rex Essay732 Words   |  3 PagesThe Oedipus Complex in Oedipus Rex Thousands of years after Sophocles wrote the story of Oedipus Rex; psychologists named a complex after the behavioral characteristics of Oedipus. For many years psychologists have called a son having a sexual attraction toward his mother the Oedipus Complex. It is common belief that Oedipus Rex did not actually suffer from the Oedipus Complex. The basic support for this theory can be found through Oedipus inherent fear of the prophecy placed upon him,Read MoreOedipus Complex in Hamlet Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus Complex in Hamlet In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet’s personality can be explained by the Oedipus Complex. Throughout the play there are many times where he proves that he has Oedipus Complex. Oedipus Complex was not around at the time that that Hamlet was written. It just shows that Shakespeare saw the same personality complex’ as Freud. Freud first named the Oedipus Complex Theory in his book , An Interpretation of Dreams, in 1899. Freud states The child takes both of its parents,Read MoreEssay about Oedipus the King and Oedipus Complex612 Words   |  3 Pages Oedipus Rex, is a Sophocles play, that according to Freud exemplifies a formative stage in a individuals psychosexual development. The psychosexual stages are the age related developmental periods in which sexual impulses are exerted through different bodily zones and then activities are associated with those areas in the bodily zones. These is when a young child will transfer his love object from the breast to the mother. When the child gives up the breast and movesRead More Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet and the Oedipus Complex Hamlet is the typical kind of son almost every father and mother would want: intelligent, loving, caring, strong and loyal. Yet, some scholars believe that he is just another emotional character, defying our eyes to think that his acts are innocent, when his real purpose is to take his mother for himself. This gives scholars, like Ernest Jones, the impression that Hamlet’s actions were encouraged by an Oedipus complex, characterized by feelings of intense

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Environmental Changes to Marketing Mix - 1615 Words

Forces in the marketing environment that lead to changes in the past 5 to 10 years to the company s marketing mix: The different aspects of the marketing mix will be assessed with regards to the forces in the marketing environment for ice-cream and food retailer, the Swenson s Group (the Company) operating in the Thai market. The context in which the changes in marketing mix will be examined will be based on their products, eg: ice-cream and food Ââ€" economic and the services, eg: customer service, retail premises etc. Describe more about the company/product. PROMOTION: The Company s traditional promotion of its products and services was via the usage of media, ie: television and radio, as these were the pre-dominantly†¦show more content†¦Equivalent statistics today shows an increased by 25%. (*Asian Market Research News Ââ€" October 2002). The implications of such increase in the middle class income group means this particular group would be targeted by most business, ie: target marketing. The demand for quality products/services would outweigh price considerations. The Company, capitalizing on the exponential growth in this segment has adopted the following changes to their marketing mix aspect of Price and Products. PRICE: A typical customer in this market segment would demand quality products / services. The Company over the past years have increased the quality of their ice-cream duly enhancing its taste, by the usage of better quality raw materials, eg: milk, flavouring, in their products. Though this would increase their base production cost, profit margins are enhanced by charging customer a premium for making available quality ice-cream. The premium charged would be relative to the cost of dining at fast food chains such as McDonalds, Burger King etc. What would previously be considered a basic priced item in the market would now be premium priced to provide the perceived value to the targeted market segment. PROCESS/PLACE: A customer who pays a premium to dine at a Swenson s retail outlet would desire a conducive, pleasant yet stylish dining environment. Swenson s have adopted retail outlets which display aShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy For The New Marketing Opportunity Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pages3. The final part of the assessment involves determining the final marketing mix in relation to the new marketing opportunity. As part of finalising your marketing mix, answer the following questions: ï‚ §Ã¯â‚¬  What environmental factors could have an impact on the selected marketing mix e.g. economic conditions, the political or legal environment, etc? †¢ Competition: To compete in new market, company has to do marketing mix and determine market strategy for Price, Place, products and promotions. †¢ EconomicalRead MoreDetermining The Final Marketing Mix1299 Words   |  6 Pages3. The final part of the assessment involves determining the final marketing mix in relation to the new marketing opportunity. As part of finalizing your marketing mix, answer the following questions: What environmental factors could have an impact on the selected marketing mix e.g. economic conditions, the political or legal environment, etc? Competition: considering the fact that there are about 4 pubs, and 3 motels in the local area, competition does affect the business on a good levelRead MoreBest Marketing Mix For New Product Or Service Opportunity Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagesrelation to question 1 and 2, identify and describe the best marketing mix for the new product or service opportunity. Provide your reasons for this choice. Best marketing mix Description Reasons for this choice Product New product line to be included will be the organic and environmental friendly hair dying products This product will have zero negative impact to human health such as asthma or skin allergies or the natural environmental pollutions Price High end product should be charged with theRead MoreMicro and Macro Marketing946 Words   |  4 PagesMICRO AND MACRO MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Introduction Micro marketing Refers to the internal controllable factors or forces which affects the ability of a company to serve its customers. e.g. the organization, the market, the suppliers, market intermediaries and the marketing mix. The micro marketing environment that surrounds organisations can be complex by nature, however the company has an element of control over how it operates within this environment. Macro marketing Refers to the externalRead MoreInformation And Adjust The Marketing Mix1726 Words   |  7 PagesEstablish and adjust the marketing mix Assessment Task 2: Project – Determine the marketing mix The company I would like to talk about is Online Takeaway in major cities including Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, Canberra, Hobart, and Adelaide which provides features as order food online, customers just provides postcode on our website. Basically, customers have to choose restaurant and products they preferred online. We will delivered it within 20 minutes after delivered has been confirmed from the restaurantsRead MoreSustainability in Australian Business: Principles and Practice1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe Relevance of Sustainability in Marketing Decision Making Introduction Sustainable marketing calls for socially and environmentally responsible actions that meet the present needs of consumers and businesses while preserving and enhancing the ability of future generations to meet their needs (Kotler amp; Armstrong 2012, p. 582). The aim of sustainable marketing is to satisfy the customer’s the needs and wants while also putting high emphasis on the environment and the social issues and thusRead MoreMarketing Mix : The Marketing Strategy1335 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Mix is one of the most important concepts for marketing. Marketing mix is also called the 4Ps, which are price, place, product, and promotion. They are the ingredients that combine to capture and promote a brand or product’s unique selling points that differentiate it from its competitors. Neil H. Borden, an advertising professor at Harvard University coined the term marketing mix. The ideas behind Borden’s model were refined over the years until Edmond Jerome McC arthy, a marketing professorRead MoreMarketing Strategy : Ac Restaurant1048 Words   |  5 PagesLO1.1: Marketing: is defined as a ‘business orientation whose target is to satisfy consumers’ needs or wants at standard levels of revenues and costs’ (Loudon et al., 2010, p.2) (Dudovskiy, 2014). Marketing process: comprises of several steps and these steps are analysed below: 1. Analysing marketing opportunities: generally, Afro-Caribbean comes to know about its market opportunities by examining current and future market trends, current resources and capabilities, internal and external environmentRead MoreMarketing Mix, By Neil H. Borden1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe Marketing Mix The marketing mix, also referred to as the four Ps, represents a list of categorized, dynamic parameters of a product that define its value. Marketing decisions are based on these four categories: product, price, place, promotion. The marketing manager controls these four parameters under the constraint of the marketing environment. Managers to maximize the perceived value of the product, which, in turn, elicits a positive response and optimizes or satisfies profit use marketingRead MoreEnvironmental Factors and Marketing1323 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Factors and Marketing Decisions Will a successful marketing plan in one country work in another country? This is unlikely to occur due to many different cultural, political, economic, technological, and competitive environments. Marketing mixes require adjustments to meet local conditions and companies that understand these environmental factors can create advantages when positioning their products or services. Wal-Mart is a global organization and uses market research to understand

Short Story Beautiful Disaster By Jamie Mcguire

Book 1: Beautiful Disaster by Jamie McGuire Journal Response 1: â€Å"Everything in the room screamed that i didn’t belong† Pg 1 (Personification) Everybody feels this way at some point in their life. The feeling that you don’t fit in at a certain setting. This quote is telling us that Abby, the female protagonist, doesn’t feel safe in this environment. We can tell this by the author’s use of the word â€Å"screamed†. When a person is screamed at the response to that is usually fear or rage. Also we can tell because Abby’s true self does fit in here, but she doesn’t want to be herself so she tries to distance herself from past hobbies. This is important to the development of the story, it reveals to us how Abby is dynamic. Journal Response 2: â€Å"Black tribal art covering each of his bulging shoulders † Pg 41 (Repetition/Symbolism) Tattoos have a story or a meaning behind them. All throughout the story the author mentions many times that he has tattoos. The tattoos help describe him as the ultimate bad boy. The reason why the author wants us to know he is a bad boy is because he is trying to get with a â€Å"good girl†. It helps us see why Abby wants to avoid him so much. It is important for us to know the Travis is a bad boy because it adds to his character development. Journal Response 3: â€Å"Arms hooked together to fight the cold. Crepe paper and beer cans littered the grass† Pg 91 (Imagery/mood) This is a scene no one would like to be in, its cold and dirty. The diction the author uses

Utilitarianism And Bernard Williams Critique Of...

Monika Mahmutovic (301180032) PHIL 221 Fall 2015 Instructor: Dr. Jennifer Warriener Wednesday, December 2, 2015 Demotivating Us to be Moral?: Utilitarianism’s Moral Overburdening and Bernard Williams’ Critique Utilitarianism, at first, appears to be a rather uncontroversial ethical theory in that it bases its plausibility on its basic principle of maximizing human happiness. Even so, it proves to be rather problematic in many of its aspects as soon as one discerns how this ethical account ascribes moral value to actions. Particularly, one worrying issue for utilitarianism, which I will be delving into, deals with is its demands on the way in which agents are required to act and lead their lives in order for them to be considered moral and for their lives to be considered good. The challenges surrounding the stringent requirements of utilitarianism and its tendency to overburden moral agents with these requirements is pointed out by Bernard Williams in his 1973 essay â€Å"A Critique of Utilitarianism.† Williams’ worry boils down to this: if utilitarianism judges the morality of actions solely on the basis of whether they maximize happiness (or not), then it seems that age nts who are not at every moment engaged in acts that are increasing the overall goodness in the world are either both directly and indirectly responsible for others’ suffering that is caused or results of their actions or inaction. This commitment utilitarianism ties us to is what Williams refers to asShow MoreRelatedThe Moral Aspects Of Utilitarianism1619 Words   |  7 PagesSir Bernard Arthur Owen Williams greatly influenced philosophical ethics through several studies on the moral aspects of Utilitarianism. His complex thinking and theories, along with his unique approach, gave him a great amount of recognition towards other theorists in his field. He expressed the majority of his beliefs through his writings in which he stressed his critiques of Utilitarianism and Kantianism and emphasized the importance of moral rational. His study of both external and internal reasoningRead MoreBernard Williams Vs Rule Utilitarianism1606 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism is based o ff of the idea that actions are right if they are beneficial and support the majority. When a person is faced with a decision, he or she must think about the consequences in terms of pleasure versus pain. That person has a moral obligation to figure out which outcome is the better one. Majority of this paper will discuss act utilitarianism versus rule utilitarianism and different philosophical objections to each. Act utilitarianism is best described as actions that lead toRead MoreUtilitarianism And Its Flaws Of John Stuart Mill s Defends Utilitarianism Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesEthics from a Global Perspective 7 December 2016 Utilitarianism and its Flaws John Stuart Mill’s defends utilitarianism, an ethical theory according to which, as he puts it, â€Å"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† (155 Ethics). In other words, actions are morally right if they make us happy and actions are morally wrong if they make us unhappy. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory in which an action is morally rightRead MoreIn Utilitarianism For and Against by Bernard Williams, Williams has an argument that is based on1200 Words   |  5 PagesIn Utilitarianism For and Against by Bernard Williams, Williams has an argument that is based on the value of integrity. Integrity is defined as the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles or moral uprightness. In Williams argument he believes in certain circumstances utilitarianism requires agents to abandon their personal projects and commitments. This lead Williams to claim that utilitarianism is a n attack on an agent’s integrity. In my essay I will explain Williams’s argumentRead MoreHappiness Is Worth No More Than Anyone Happiness1980 Words   |  8 Pagesaction by its consequences. It would also be wise to have rules, or restrictions to the idea of pursuing what we pleasure. This way to live and to be wise is referred to as the greatest happiness principle, or utilitarianism as laid out by philosopher John Stuart Mill in his book Utilitarianism, quoting John Stuart Mill s: â€Å"holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong in proportion as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.† (Mill, 1861). Furthermore, whenRead MoreUtilitarianism And Its Criticisms Of Utilitarianism1437 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism And Its Critiques Utilitarianism is a well known consequentialist ethical theory popularized in the 19th century by a philosopher named John Stuart Mill. Mill was one of the greatest proponents of utilitarianism but many philosophers since have revealed significant flaws with his theory, one being a more contemporary philosopher named Bernard Williams. Williams has many objections with utilitarianism, which i will divulge momentarily and determine whether these objections are justifiedRead MoreKant s Powerful Reasoning For Moral Atrocities1525 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper i will argue that Kantian reasoning provides the most powerful understanding of how to assess and navigate moral dilemmas concerning atrocities when compared to Utilitarianism. In order to effectively do so, i will be using a case by Bernard Williams. The case by Williams in â€Å"A critique of Utilitarianism,† is as followed. Jim is in a small South American town where he finds a band of armed men holding twenty indians hostaged. Pedro, the man in charge, explains that because ofRead MoreCritically Evaluating Medical Ethics And Legal Issues1403 Words   |  6 Pagesparent and child or spouse and spouse and focuses more on relationships between harmer and harmee and promiser and promisee. Our duty to the latter will definitely be different compared to our more significant relationships. On the other hand, Utilitarianism is more of a straightforward theory and its main aim is to maximize happiness and minimize harm as much as possible. Its widely accepted around the world because of its fair nature. At the end of the day everyone wants to be happy. The actionRead MoreThe Role of Justice in Society2403 Words   |  10 Pagesthem the additional assets they require. J.J.C. Smart is concerned with a branch of utilitarianism called ‘act-utilitarianism. Act-utilitarianism is the ethical perspective that the rightness or wrongness of an action depends only on the total goodness or badness of its consequences. Smarts interpretation of justice is two fold: the role of justice in utilitarian ideology, and through a contrast of utilitarianism and Rawls theory. Smart argues that the notion of distribution is irrelevant to utilitariansRead More The Role of Justice in Society Essay2374 Words   |  10 Pagesthe additional assets they require. J.J.C. Smart is concerned with a branch of utilitarianism called ‘act-utilitarianism’. Act-utilitarianism is the ethical perspective that â€Å"the rightness or wrongness of an action depends only on the total goodness or badness of its consequences†. Smart’s interpretation of justice is two fold: the role of justice in utilitarian ideology, and through a contrast of utilitarianism and Rawls theory. Smart argues that the notion of distribution is irrelevant to utilitarians

China Yuan Becoming Reserve Currency free essay sample

In recent years, China has maintained that it’s â€Å"special† economy is pursuing a â€Å"market economy, but with Chinese characteristics†. Some of these characteristics include encouraging more of an international use of the currency, while being famous for their inflexibility with exchange rates, and not fully opening up the economy to the free flow of capital. However, the Yuan’s acceptance as a reserve currency will be based on China’s economic size, macroeconomic policies, flexible exchange rates, financial market development, and finally having an open capital account. It seems that with time, it is inevitable that China’s Yuan will one day become a global reserve currency. Depending on the development of these five criteria, China’s currency may become a global reserve currency sooner than predicted. China’s Economic Size The Chinese economy is now the second largest economy in the world, and estimated to have 10 – 15 percent of the world GDP. We will write a custom essay sample on China Yuan Becoming Reserve Currency or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Further, in 2011 China accounted for almost 25 percent of the world’s GDP growth (Briscoe, 2012). Despite this, GDP and economic size are not the main determinants of a country’s reserve currency status. If we remember US history, we will note that the United States surpassed the United Kingdom in terms of GDP in 1870, but still did not become a reserve currency until 1944 (Prasad, 2012). Thus, economic size in not the most important factor in becoming eligible for world currency status. Macroeconomic Policies The continued role of the government in the banking system is a limiting factor when trying to encourage a more open capital account. However, the government maintains that keeping a tight control over their currency prevents economic crisis.

Observe the Personality of the Candidate -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Observe the Personality of the Candidate? Answer: Introducation The human resource management observe the personality of the candidate at the time of recruiting and selecting the candidates in their organisation. The personality of the candidates plays a significant role in selecting the job and placing them in the selected job as matched to their personality. Therefore it is a major responsibility for the managers for selecting the candidates having right personality for the appropriate job. The managers conduct this job by applying the theory of personalities. In this essay the discussion has been emphasized on the personality theories those are important in selection and recruitment of the candidates. Personality is been defined as the traits as well as characteristics of unique set relating with the stable period of time. Personality is a unique phenomenon as it is different and varies from person to person. It is believed to be a active concept that describes the psychological growth as well as development of the person which is very much significant for doing various job. Person having different personality than the required job does not suit for the job and that is the failure of the manager to assess the personality of the candidate (Wagner and Hollenback 2014). Personality incorporates a man's moderately steady emotions, patterns of behaviour and thoughts. Everyone has a one of a kind personality that separates us from individuals, as well as understanding somebody's identity gives hints about how that individual is probably going to act and feel in an assortment of circumstances. To oversee adequately, it is useful to comprehend the identities of various workers. Having thi s information is additionally valuable for putting individuals into occupations and associations. The managers need to test the personality of the candidates while going through the round of interviews for recruitment and selection. Managers can undergo the following steps for testing the personality of the students. Managers should note the traits of personality before hiring the candidate. Before the managers hire the new candidate for the new role they should integrate the job description before the candidate. This will help the manager to know the kind of personality that the candidate possesses. It will also help in analysing the skill as well as experience and the things that the candidate will help in bringing for the organisation. The big five traits could be use and put together with the blue print of personalities and with the help of traits the manager can identify the personality. The manager should also look for the appropriate personality that can be best suit to the culture of the company (Vernon 2014). As big organisations are large on culture for buffering theref ore it can be used for the hiring process for evaluating the better decisions on the personality and applying the candidates whose personality matches the best. Clear understanding of the traits of personality which suits job role the best is significant for hiring. The five big traits of personality can be used by HR managers to help themselves for placing accurate personality candidate in the appropriate place. The five traits termed as OCEAN are been described as are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Openness includes the trait such as being insightful as well as imaginative also having broad scope of interests. The person who possesses this type of personality is generally open and tends to get mixed with other people in a less amount of time. They are not diplomatic and hence the higher privacy jobs should not be given to them (Judge and Zapata 2015). They show interests in different type of jobs and thus can be used as the multi skilled employees. Conscientiousness is been referred to as the number of gaols on which the person focuses. These types of people are generally imaginative as well as creative who fundamentally focuses on the few number of goals in one time. They are self disciplined, organised, careful, responsible, systematic and thorough. People whose personality has greater degree of conscientiousness are reliable and they are also fast in their work (Heidemeir and Gritz 2016). The managers should place these types of people in the job role which requires prompt response and quick decision making ability. In an engineering firm these type of people can be placed in designed department as well as they can handle the work of manufacturing department as they are having quick response and great decision making ability. Extroversions are those kinds of people who receive energy by interacting with the other people. On the other hand Introverts are methodical, thorough and organised. They get the working energy from themselves and they generally do not interact that much with the surrounding peoples. Extroversion incorporates the traits such as assertive, energetic and talkative (Jia, Jia and Karau 2013). They are great performers of job than the introvert in the job field like marketing positions, personal relationships and sales. Therefore the managers have to identify this personality during the procedure or recruitment as this personality trait is important. During the session of interview no candidate will show their quality of extroverts and it is the responsibility of the manager to understand it. If introvert person is placed in the marketing profile then no wander he will fail in this job (Willie and De Fruyt 2014). Agreeableness is the trait where the individual are compassionate, friendly as well as cooperative. People having less agreeableness traits maintain distance from the surroundings. This trait also incorporates being sympathetic, kind and affectionate. People having high agreeable has the capability of having good relationship in the workplace with the mangers, co-workers and managers (Knezevic et al. 2016). People possessing this personality traits must be placed in job position like sales, approaching the vendors job as this type of personality trait is very much necessary. The last of the five traits is Neuroticism. It is also refers to as the emotional stability. It relates to as the degree of negative emotions for the stability of emotions. People who are having high Neuroticism can experiences instability in emotions and the traits of Neuroticism are moody as well as tense. Person who are suffering from neuroticism are to be identified first by the managers as this type of people can damage the environment of work (Leuner et al. 2014). If they are been selected they need to be trained first by the organisation and then they should be placed in the job role. The traits can be described accounting to the traits theory, Adler Jungle theory, Social learning theory and Holistic theory. Traits theory is the traditional approach for understanding the personality and describes the personality in the terms of trait. The theory view personality in the form of revolving the attempts for identifying as well as labelling the characteristics which can describe the behaviour of the individual. The popular traits include aggressiveness, laziness, shyness, submissiveness, loyalty, timidity as well as ambition. This distinctiveness in character when reflected in large number is known as personality traits. The assumption of the trait theory is on the basis of assumption. The first assumption states that traits may be common to several individuals as well as vary in real amount in between the individual. The second assumption states that the traits are been relatively stable and exert universal effects. The third assumption is Traits can very well be com puted and concluded from evaluation of the indicators of behaviours. Therefore managers can apply the trait theory for understanding the big five traits which are differently possessed by different candidate (Flesson and Jayawickreme 2015). According to the theory Adler superiority helps in inspiring the person. He built up the ideas like remuneration and feeling of inadequacy in view of the drive for power. He gave weight on social relationship rather than detainee or organic variables. He worried on individual uniqueness, style of life , and the inventive. Jung worried on oblivious part of psycho investigation. As indicated by him identity is based o pre-arranging design obtained by people from his precursors. Jung affirmed that the operation of a person's identity is as much future situated as established before. Two seeing capacities: sensation (typically called "detecting" in MBTI works) and Jung distinguished two sets of mental capacities: instinct Two judging capacities: thinking and feeling (Abend 2013). As indicated by Jung's typology show, every individual uses one of these four capacities more overwhelmingly and capably than the other three; in any case, each of the four capacities are utilized at various cir cumstances relying upon the conditions. Detecting and instinct are the data gathering (seeing) capacities. They portray how new data is comprehended and translated. Individuals who incline toward detecting will probably trust data that is in the present, unmistakable, and solid: that is, data that can be comprehended by the five detects. According to theory of Social learning situation is been considered as one of the significant factors for considering the personality of the person. The action of individual in the situation provided, appraisal of the environment is also the major factor that HR managers should consider at the time of recruitment and selection (Funder 2013). These factors within the candidates if noticeable then the hr managers can proceed to select the candidate for the organisation. Kolasa integrated the theory of several theorists to a theory known as Holistic theory. It includes the holistic, field and organismic theory. The managers can used this theory as it contains the integration of all theory and they can used all the theory at the same time. Therefore the managers can used the above stated theory for selecting the candidates of right personality at right job role for gaining the competitive advantages in the organisation. Reference list ABEND, S.M., 2013. Some problems in the evaluation of the psychoanalytic process.Psychoanalysis: The Science of Mental Conflict, p.209. Fleeson, W. and Jayawickreme, E., 2015. Whole trait theory.Journal of Research in Personality,56, pp.82-92. Funder, D.C., 2015.The Personality Puzzle: Seventh International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Heidemeier, H. and Gritz, A.S., 2016. The Instrumental Role of Personality Traits: Using Mixture Structural Equation Modeling to Investigate Individual Differences in the Relationships Between the Big Five Traits and Life Satisfaction.Journal of Happiness Studies,17(6), pp.2595-2612. Jia, H., Jia, R. and Karau, S., 2013. Cyberloafing and personality: Inpact of Marketing the Big Five traits and workplace situational factors.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,20(3), pp.358-365. Judge, T.A. and Zapata, C.P., 2015. The personsituation debate revisited: Effect of situation strength and trait activation on the validity of the Big Five personality traits in predicting job performance.Academy of Management Journal,58(4), pp.1149-1179. KneÃ… ¾evi?, G., Lazarevi?, L.B., Bosnjak, M., Puri?, D., Petrovi?, B., Teovanovi?, P., Opa?i?, G. and BodroÃ… ¾a, B., 2016. Towards a personality model encompassing a Disintegration factor separate from the Big Five traits: A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence.Personality and Individual Differences,95, pp.214-222. Leutner, F., Ahmetoglu, G., Akhtar, R. and Chamorro-Premuzic, T., 2014. The relationship between the entrepreneurial personality and the Big Five personality traits.Personality and individual differences,63, pp.58-63. Vernon, P.E., 2014.Personality Assessment (Psychology Revivals): A Critical Survey. Routledge. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. Wille, B. and De Fruyt, F., 2014. Vocations as a source of identity: Reciprocal relations between Big Five personality traits and RIASEC characteristics over 15 years.Journal of Applied Psychology,99(2), p.262.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Challenges In Cyber Affecting For Business â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Is The Role Of Cyber Security In Providing Safety And Security To The Data Of The Business? Which Challenges In Cyber Security Are Faced By The Business? What Measures Can Be Adopted By The Business For Coping With These Challenges In Cyber Security? Answers: Introduction This research program has been executed over the topic Challenges in Cyber Security for Business in which discussion has been regarding the various challenges in Cyber Security affecting the performance of the business. The focus of this research program is on analysis of these challenges in cyber security faced by a business which affects their performance at large. Different methods and techniques will be applied in this research program for the purpose of collection of reliable and authentic data. These methods of data collection have used in the collection of quality data. Literature review Cyber security plays a vital role in the present era as it is crucial to provide safety to the business from threats. The term cyber security can be explained as the body which includes different technologies and practices designed for the purpose of providing protection to the different programs, systems, networks from security threats to the business. The number of cases of cyber-attacks are increasing due to which the need to develop technologies has increased. These issues faced by the businesses have led a way for the digital transformation. Lack of availability of proper measures for protecting data can result in adverse impact on the confidentiality as well as financial performance of the business (Carr, 2016). Cyber-attacks can be explained as the cases where loop holes in the systems, networks, and programs are being identified by hackers for gaining benefit from them. Impact of cyber-attack cases can be seen on the national economy as well as on the global economy. Business es are adopting strategies for ensuring the safety and security of the data of the business from misuse. Innovations are taking place in the business environment which has resulted in the development of new technologies and increase in the cases of cyber-attack (Carroll, et. al., 2014). Businesses are facing various challenges due to the cyber security. Constant efforts are being made by the IT experts for coping with these increasing cases of cyber-attacks. The existence of the business is in danger due to the increasing cyber-attacks. Cyber security measures are being adopted by the businesses for operating within a safe and secure environment. But in this dynamic business environment, there has been a rise in the number of online threats. These online threats affect the confidentiality of the business as well as create a financial loss to the business. These online threats act as a challenge for the business. These challenges in cyber security are creating an impact on the global economy (Ulsch, 2014). Changes in the IT sector are taking place which has enhanced the performance of the business. The focus on the IT sector is on providing safety to the business from the increasing online threats. Businesses of different nature, size and structure are being targeted by the attackers for gaining access to their confidential data. Different challenges in cyber security have been identified which are creating an impact on the financial condition and performance of the business (Niglia, et. al., 2015). These challenges in cyber security include protecting passwords from unauthorized access, prevention of data from loss, encryption of disk, big data and cloud computing, digitalization, the internet, privacy laws, insider threats and USB control. These challenges need to be dealt in an effective manner so as to ensure that these challenges are not creating an impact on the performance of the business (Tyson, 2011). An insider threat is the result of dissatisfaction among the employees of the business. Passwords or confidential information of the company may get misused by the dissatisfied employees which result in a threat to the confidentiality of the company. For coping with this issue, companies need to keep a check on the activities of employees and proper monitoring need to be done. Reasons for the dissatisfaction among the employees need to be identified and focus must be on removing these reasons resulting in dissatisfaction among employees. On the other hand, Greenwald (2013), has stated that business faces challenges due to leakage of the information of the business and this information is utilized by the hackers for their personal interest. Business must check the systems installed at regular intervals for ensuring the safety and security of the data. A shift has been identified in the real world from real world towards virtual world. Every activity of the business is carried out with the services based on the internet. This dependency on the internet has increased the threats to business due to cyber security. With the increasing use of internet has increased online threat for the business. Every activity of the business is carried out with the help of internet and confidential of information is shared and stored on internet platforms or medium. There is a need to develop safe and secure platforms for the safety of the confidential information of the business. Personal devices are being used by the employees for accessing the professional accounts. This increase in the use of personal devices increases the chances of hacking of the software of the devices (Niglia, et. al., 2015). Privacy is the main concern for every business which must be ensured at every level. Business must ensure that employees are aware of the concept of confidentiality, online theft, and cyber-crimes so as to eliminate the cases of cyber-attack on the business. Training must be provided to the employees on regular intervals for using the devices in a safe and secure manner and not to disclose the confidential informa tion in front of others (Jones, 2011). These challenges create a huge impact on the performance of the business. Impact of these issues can be seen on the profitability, cost, and confidentiality of the business. For coping with these challenges, there is a need to develop a proper understanding of the cyber security and challenges which can affect the cyber security of the business (Woerner Elfering, 2014). Internal support must be developed by the business for coping with these challenges and IT support team of the business must focus on the elimination of adverse impacts of cyber-attack over the performance of the business. Business must ensure that personal devices of the employees are tracked and secured so as to make sure that the safety measures are used (Ulsch, 2014). Hypotheses Research questions are being formulated with a motive to form a base for the collection of the relevant information. Research questions help in the collection of the data for the research and enhance the quality of the research executed. These research questions are used for gathering relevant data for the research and executing it in a successful manner. Research questions for this research program are listed below Challenges in the cyber security affect the confidentiality of the business. Cases of cyber-attacks have increased due to increasing use of internet based platforms. Operational definitions and measurement This research program has been executed in a planned sequence so as to make sure that all the activities are carried out in an effective manner. An action plan has been developed for ensuring the execution of the research as the plan formulated. During the execution of this research program, the focus was on a collection of quality data which ensures that the facts presented in the research are reliable and authentic. Primary and secondary sources of data collection have been used for ensuring the reliability of the data presented. This research has been executed within the specified time frame for maintaining the effectiveness of the research project. Secondary sources include articles and journals available online which were published after the year 2010. These secondary sources have been used for ensuring that current information is presented in the research. This report has developed the knowledge of the different challenges in cyber security affecting the business. Research methodologies Research methodology can be explained as the sum of various methods and techniques which have been applied for the execution of the research program (Turkenburg McAuley, 2013). These methods and techniques are discussed below: Research methods: For the purpose of collection of quality information, the mixed method will be used in this research. Mixed method is a combination of qualitative as well as quantitative method (Wilson, 2016). The questionnaire will be conducted for collecting primary data and journals and articles will be used as secondary data. Use of both these methods will help in presenting different aspects of the research in a better manner (Gorard, 2013). Research approaches: qualitative as well as quantitative approaches will be used for executing this research program in an effective manner (Quick Hall, 2015). Primary and secondary data will help in presenting the current data related to the research topic. Structured and semi-structured or unstructured data will be collected with the help of qualitative and quantitative approach (Nirmala, 2013). Data collection: Data collection is an important aspect which helps in developing a better understanding of the different aspects of the research program. For the collection of data, primary and secondary sources of data collection will be used. The primary source of data collection is the raw form of data which is directly collected by the researchers (Thomas, 2015). A secondary source of data collection is the second-hand information gathered by other researchers for their work (Johnston, 2014). When it comes to reliability, the secondary source is preferred rather than the primary source. Sampling size and Techniques: Questionnaire will be presented top 40 employees so as to gather data related to the research program. For the analysis of the collected data within the limited time frame, random sampling technique will be used. Random sampling technique will help in analyzing the data in a proper manner by providing equal opportunity to every sample of getting selected (Nishad Sankar, 2016). Targeted market: primary data will be collected from the employees of multi-national companies who are the part of IT support team. The questionnaire will be presented to them so as to gather data and analysis will be done on the collected data. Choice: Different alternatives are available for conducting this research program without skipping out any important aspect. The best alternative has been selected for conducting this research program. Ethical consideration: During the execution of this research program, the focus was on complying with the ethical aspects of ensuring the safety of the society from the activities of the research project. Different principles or values have been followed during the execution of this project including confidentiality, honesty, dignity, and unbiasedness. Confidentiality has been maintained for ensuring the safety of the confidential information of the respondents. Facts are presented in true and fair manner. Limitations of the research: few limitations have been identified which have affected the execution process of the research. These limitations include the availability of limited timeframe for executing the project, lack of availability of sufficient resources and access to the data. Research process Serial no. Activities Initiation date Duration (days) Completion date Description A Selection of research topic 22 August 2017 2 23 August 2017 During this step of the research process, research topic will be selected. B Formulating plans 24 August 2017 6 29 August 2017 Plans will be prepared for conducting the different activities of the research in a successful manner. C Implementation of plans 30 August 2017 8 06 September 2017 Plans will be implemented as per the previous step so as to ensure that all the aspects are considered while implementing plans. D Selecting sources of data collection 07 September 2017 2 08 September 2017 For the collection of data, primary as well as secondary sources of data collection are available. These sources will be analyzed for deciding which source will be used for this research program. E Collection of data 09 September 2017 7 15 September 2017 Data will be collected by applying the sources of data collection selected by the researcher. F Analysis and evaluation of the collected data 16 September 2017 4 19 September 2017 Collected data will be analyzed and evaluated so as to interpret the results from the collected data. G Conclusion and recommendations 20 September 2017 3 22 September 2017 The conclusion will be drawn and recommendations will be given by forming a base from the analysis and evaluation of the data. Expected outcomes This research has discussed the importance of cyber security for the business and challenges in cyber security for business. From the execution of this research program, it is expected that knowledge of the concept of cyber security will be developed along with the various challenges in cyber security. After completion of this research program, the impact of the various challenges in the cyber security on the business will be developed. It is an important aspect as these challenges are affecting the performance of the business. This research program has been executed with a motive to discuss the role played by cyber security for the safety, security, and confidentiality of the data of the business. After the analysis and evaluation of the different aspects, research will be able to develop knowledge of cyber security and the challenges due to change in the business environment. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that cyber-attacks are increasing due to which threat to the confidentiality of the business is increasing. This research program has discussed different challenges in cyber security which are affecting the performance of the business. Research questions have been formulated for the purpose of gathering information for the research program. All these aspects have helped in developing knowledge of the changing aspects of the business environment and their impact on the business. Different methods have been applied for the collection of data related to the research topic. Primary as well as secondary sources have been used for the collection of data. References Carr, M., 2016, Public-private partnerships in national cyber-security strategies,International Affairs, 92(1), pp.4362. Carroll, T., Greitzer, E. Roberts, F., 2014, Security informatics research challenges for mitigating cyber friendly fire,Security Informatics, 3(1), pp.114. Gorard, S., 2013, Research design: creating robust approaches for the social sciences, SAGE, London. Greenwald, J., 2013, Challenges hold up passage of federal cyber security legislation,Business Insurance,47(10), 17-18. Johnston, M. P., 2014, Secondary Data Analysis:A Method of which the Time Has Come, Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries, pp. 619 626. Jones, R., 2011, Targeted cyber-attacks top agenda: the release of classified documents by whistleblowing website Wikileaks highlights the security challenge of the digital age for companies looking to protect critical business intelligence,MEED Middle East Economic Digest, 55(2), p.22. Niglia, A., Muchaidze, G. Niglia, A., 2015,The Protection of Critical Energy Infrastructure Against Emerging Security Challenges, IOS Press. Nirmala, Y., 2013, Chapter four: research design, Language in India, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 102. Nishad, P. M. Sankar, S., 2016, Efficient random sampling statistical method to improve big data compression ratio and pattern matching techniques for compressed data, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 179. Quick, J. Hall, S., 2015, Part three: The quantitative approach, Journal of perioperative practice, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 192. Thomas, J. A., 2015, Using unstructured diaries for primary data collection, Nurse researcher, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 25. Turkenburg, J. P. McAuley, K. E., 2013, Data collection and processing,Acta Crystallographica Section D,vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 1193-1194. Tyson, D., 2011,Security Convergence Managing Enterprise Security Risk, Burlington: Elsevier Science. Ulsch, M., 2014,Cyber Threat! How to Manage the Growing Risk of Cyber Attacks (Wiley Corporate FA), Hoboken: Wiley. Wilson, V., 2016, Research Methods: Mixed Methods Research, Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 56-59. Woerner, R. Elfering, D., 2014, Execution in the Fog of War: Four Enterprise Security Challenges that Must be Addressed as Cyber War Combatants,Security, 51(9), pp.72-74.